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- $Unique_ID{BRK03947}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Lyelles Syndrome}
- $Subject{Lyelles Syndrome TEN Scalded Skin Syndrome Staphylococcal Scalded
- Skin Syndrome Dermatitis Exfoliativa Ritter-Lyell Syndrome Ritter Disease
- Lyell Syndrome Acute Toxic Epidermolysis Bullosa Stevens-Johnson Syndrome}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 414:
- Lyelles Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Lyelles Syndrome) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to find
- alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- TEN
- Scalded Skin Syndrome
- Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
- Dermatitis Exfoliativa
- Ritter-Lyell Syndrome
- Ritter Disease
- Lyell Syndrome
- Acute Toxic Epidermolysis
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Epidermolysis Bullosa
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Lyelles Syndrome is a serious skin disorder characterized by severe
- redness, blisters and peeling. Onset can begin during any stage of life.
- The infantile form may follow an infection. In adults the disorder is often
- caused by a drug reaction. Treatment of cases caused by infection may differ
- from those caused by drug reactions.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Symptoms of infantile or childhood onset Lyelles Syndrome may have a
- preliminary stage marked by fever, sore throat, eye inflammation
- (conjunctivitis), nasal discharge, vomiting, diarrhea and/or back pain.
- Development of crusted lesions around the nose or ear can be followed within
- twenty-four hours by intense redness in the same area. Skin redness may
- spread with tenderness, itching and separation of skin layers possibly
- developing within thirty-six to forty-eight hours. Skin may peel away in
- large sheets when touched. Blisters of various sizes may form along with
- peeling. The severity of peeling skin is often related to the degree of
- fever, severe discomfort, and loss of appetite. With healing, peeled areas
- may become dried and yellowish crusts may appear in affected areas.
-
- Large, easily broken blisters may be the first apparent symptom of adult
- onset Lyelles Syndrome. These blisters may be associated with other skin
- conditions such as Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (Erythema Multiforme Bullosum).
- Large sheets of skin can peel due to slight injury or simply touching an
- object and the mucous membranes may also be involved. Lyelles Syndrome
- usually progresses rapidly and within a few days may become severe. Fluid
- may be lost after extensive peeling occurs possibly leading to dehydration
- like that which occurs in burn victims. Scars resembling those of burns may
- develop when the skin begins to heal.
-
- Causes
-
- Lyelles Syndrome is often caused by bacterial (staphylococcal) infections
- when infants or children are affected. A common staphylococcal skin
- infection with blisters and crusting called Impetigo may also precede this
- disorder. Lyelles Syndrome can occur sporadically or in epidemic proportions
- in nurseries. An allergic reaction to a drug often causes symptoms to
- develop during adulthood. Very rarely, some childhood cases may be linked to
- a drug reaction.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Lyelles Syndrome affects males and females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Lyelles
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is the name of a group of rare, hereditary
- skin disorders in which blisters develop on many areas of the body. Severe
- forms of the disease may include involvement of the mucous membranes,
- internal digestive tract and other organs. Infection must be guarded against
- and often scars cannot be avoided. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "EB" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is another blistering skin disorder usually
- affecting children and young adults. It is marked by severe reddening and
- blisters on the skin and mucous membranes. A preliminary stage may last from
- one to two weeks consisting of fever, discomfort, coughing linked to an acute
- allergic reaction, sore throat, chest pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and joint or
- muscle pain. Lesions may then appear in the mouth and throat as well as on
- reproductive organs and the anal area. Progressive eye inflammation can lead
- to diminished vision. Crusting with bleeding may develop on the lips.
- Symptoms may heal within three to six weeks, but can recur at any time. The
- cause of this disorder is not known, although more severe cases are possibly
- associated with collagen disease, malignancy, contact dermatitis or drug
- reactions. Stevens-Johnson usually appears in the fall or spring, for
- reasons not yet understood by scientists. (For more inforation on this
- disorder, choose "Stevens-Johnson" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Early treatment of infantile or childhood onset Lyelles Syndrome is
- recommended because of the rapid progression of symptoms. Antibiotic (e.g.,
- penicillin) drug therapy may be helpful for treatment of infection. Fluid
- and electrolyte balance may need correction. Children should be watched
- carefully to prevent them from touching peeled or blistered areas which could
- possibly worsen the condition. Hospitalization and/or isolation may be
- required to assure a sterile environment. Healing may rapidly follow
- appropriate treatment.
-
- Treatment of adult onset Lyelles Syndrome is usually similar to therapy
- for severe burns. Contact with peeled skin surface should be minimal.
- Hospitalization with isolation in a sterile environment to minimize infection
- may be necessary. Severe loss of fluid and electrolytes may require
- replacement on an ongoing basis to prevent dehydration. If the disorder is
- caused by a drug reaction, systemic corticosteroids may be able to control
- the reaction but do not seem to improve skin symptoms. Blood poisoning and
- lung infections should be anticipated and treated promptly if they occur.
- Other therapy is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Experimental plasmapheresis may be of benefit in cases of Lyelles Syndrome
- caused by a severe reaction to drugs. This procedure is a method for
- removing unwanted substances (toxins, metabolic substances and plasma parts)
- from the blood. Blood is removed from the patient and blood cells are
- separated from plasma. The patient's plasma is then replaced with other
- human plasma and the blood is retransfused into the patient. This therapy is
- still under investigation to analyze possible side effects and effectiveness.
- More research is needed before plasmapheresis can be recommended for use in
- all but the most severe cases of Lyelles Syndrome.
-
- Research is underway in the areas of new wound healing drugs, antibiotics
- and the inhibition of blister formation at dermatology research centers
- listed in the Resources section of this report.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- October 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information on this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Lyelles Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association of America (DEBRA)
- 141 Fifth Ave., Suite 7-South
- New York, NY 10010
- (212) 995-2220
-
- D.E.B.R.A.
- 7 Sandhurst Lodge
- Wokingham Road
- Crowthorne
- Berkshire RG11 7QD
- England
- Tel: 0344 771961
-
- CLINICAL FACILITIES
-
- University of Washington School of Medicine
- Department of Dermatology
- St. Louis, MO 63110
- (314) 362-5000
-
- Rockefeller University
- Department of Investigative Dermatology
- 1230 York Avenue
- New York, NY 10021
- (212) 570-8000
-
- Children's Hospital
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology
- Dermatology Clinic
- 34th and Civic Center Blvd.
- Philadelphia, PA 19104
- (215) 596-9100
-
- University of Pennsylvania
- Dermatology Clinic
- 34th and Spruce Street
- Philadelphia, PA 19104
- (215) 622-2737
-
- References
-
- IMPROVED BURN CENTER SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS
- MANAGED WITHOUT CORTICOSTEROIDS: P.H. Halebian, et al.; Ann Surg (November
- 1986, issue 204(5)). Pp. 503-512.
-
- PLASMAPHERESIS IN SEVERE DRUG-INDUCED TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS: D.
- Kamanabroo, et al.; Arch Dermatol (December 1985, issue 121(12)). Pp. 1548-
- 1549.
-
-